The Rorschach Test 1.0


Category: Medical
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The Rorschach inkblot test (pronounced IPA: ['ʁoɐʃax]) is a method of
psychological evaluation. Psychologists use this test to try to
examine the personality characteristics and emotional functioning of
their patients. The Rorschach is currently the second most commonly
used test in forensic assessment, after the MMPI, and is the second
most widely used test by members of the Society for Personality
Assessment. It has been employed in diagnosing underlying thought
disorder and differentiating psychotic from nonpsychotic thinking in
cases where the patient is reluctant to admit openly to psychotic
thinking.

* History *
===========

Originally created by Hermann Rorschach in 1921, the scoring system was improved after his death by Bruno Klopfer and others. John E. Exner summarized some of these later developments in the comprehensive Exner system, at the same time trying to make the scoring more statistically rigorous. Some systems are based on the psychoanalytic concept of object relations.
The Exner system is very popular in the United States, while in Europe the textbook by Evald Bohm, which is closer to the original Rorschach system as well as more inspired by psychoanalysis, is often considered to be the standard reference.


* Methods *
===========
There are ten official inkblots. Five inkblots are black ink on white paper. Two are black and red ink on white paper. Three are multicolored. After the individual has seen and responded to all the inkblots, the tester then gives them to him again one at a time to study. The test subject is asked to note where he sees what he originally saw and what makes it look like that. The blot can also be rotated. As the subject is examining the inkblots, the psychologist writes down everything the subject says or does, no matter how trivial.
Methods of interpretation differ. Rorschach scoring systems have been described as a system of pegs on which to hang one's knowledge of personality. The most widely used method in the United States is based on the work of John E. Exner.
In the Exner system, responses are scored with reference to their level of vagueness or synthesis of multiple images in the blot, the location of the response, which of a variety of determinants is used to produce the response (i.e., what makes the inkblot look like what it is said to resemble), the form quality of the response (to what extent a response is faithful to how the actual inkblot looks), the contents of the response (what the respondent actually sees in the blot), the degree of mental organizing activity that is involved in producing the response, and any illogical, incongruous, or incoherent aspects of responses.
Using the scores for these categories, the examiner then performs a series of calculations producing a structural summary of the test data. The results of the structural summary are interpreted using existing research data on personality characteristics that have been demonstrated to be associated with different kinds of responses.
A common misconception of the Rorschach test is that its interpretation is based primarily on the contents of the response - what the examinee sees in the inkblot. In fact, the contents of the response are only a comparatively small portion of a broader cluster of variables that are used to interpret the Rorschach data.
Other outdated factors (not included in the Exner system of scoring) include, according to one 1950 source:
Average time per response for which a time of about one minute is suggested as normal with doubling of times considered to be a possible indicator of depression.
The time it takes for the person to react when first faced with a coloured card
Rejection of a card which is suggested should not be considered normal
Turning of the card with failure to turn being labelled a possible sign of depressive psychoses

The Rorschach Test



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